2023年4月湖北自考本科英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料:第五章

英語科目是很多自考生在自考生涯中的一個(gè)重難點(diǎn)，尤其是對(duì)于需要申請學(xué)位證書的成人自考本科生來說，不能申請英語免考，所以自考英語的復(fù)習(xí)顯得尤為重要，下面小編就給同學(xué)們分享2023年4月湖北自考本科英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料:第五章，僅供參考復(fù)習(xí)。
本課主要單詞

1.rare adj.稀有的，難得的

a rare word〔冷僻的詞〕rare metals〔稀有金屬〕

a rare disease(罕見的疾病)

2.substance n.物質(zhì);實(shí)質(zhì);大意;根據(jù)

Ice，snow and water are the same substance in different forms.〔冰、雪、水是同一物質(zhì)的三種不同形式?！?br />
What was the point of going to a lecture with little substance?

〔去聽一個(gè)沒有什么內(nèi)容的講座有什么意義呢?〕

What he is saying in substance is that we should take effective measures to prevent pollution.

〔他大體上說的是我們應(yīng)該采取有效措施防止污染?！?br />
There was no substance in his complaints.〔他的抱怨沒有道理?！?br />
3.slight adj.輕微的;纖細(xì)的

Mother said she had a slight headache.〔媽媽說她有點(diǎn)頭疼?！?br />
I didn't have the slightest idea about what had happened.〔我一點(diǎn)都不知道發(fā)生了什么事?！?br />
4.extreme adj.極端的，極度的;盡頭的n.極端

Extreme action will be taken if necessary.〔如有必要，我們將采取最嚴(yán)厲的行動(dòng)?！?br />
His hospitality was carried to an extreme.〔他好客得過分了。〕

She found the book uninteresting to the extreme.〔她覺得那本書沒意思透了。〕

extreme joy/pain〔極度的歡樂/痛苦〕an extreme of sadness〔極度傷心〕

go from one extreme to the other〔從一個(gè)極端走到另一個(gè)極端〕

go to the other extreme〔走到另一個(gè)極端〕

in the extreme〔極度，非?！?br />
extremes of poverty and wealth〔貧富的兩極〕

5.pressure n.壓力，壓強(qiáng)

Heavy study load and great expectation from parents may give children too much pressure.

〔沉重的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)以及家長的過高期望可能會(huì)給孩子太大的壓力?！?br />
He was under constant pressure from his superiors.〔他的上司不斷地給他壓力?！?br />
6.liquid adj.液體的，液態(tài)的;清澈的，明亮的n.液體

7.crack n.裂縫v.破裂;打開

His face cracked with a broad smile.〔他咧開嘴笑了。〕

The phone cracked the room's quiet.〔電話鈴聲打破了房間的寂靜?！?br />
They were unable to crack a highly competitive sales market.〔他們無法打進(jìn)競爭激烈的銷售市場?！?br />
8.crust n.地殼;面包皮，外皮

It is very dangerous to walk on the thin crust of ice.〔在這樣一層薄冰上行走是很危險(xiǎn)的。〕

9.crystal n.水晶;晶粒adj.清澈透明

I've made my point crystal clear that I would never agree to such a proposal.

〔我已經(jīng)表明了我的觀點(diǎn)，絕不同意這個(gè)提議。〕

10.popular adj.流行的，大眾的;普及的;受歡迎的

Popular music is well liked by young people.〔流行音樂深受年輕人的喜愛?！?br />
Swimming is a sport popular with people of all ages.〔游泳是老老少少都喜歡的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)?！?br />
He has always been popular with/among boys in his community.

〔他一直廣受他那個(gè)社區(qū)的男孩子們的喜歡?！?br />
This restaurant offers meals at popular prices.〔這家飯店供應(yīng)價(jià)格大眾化的飯菜?！?br />
11.handful n.一把，一小撮

He told the doctor that his hair fell out in handfuls.(他對(duì)醫(yī)生說他的頭發(fā)一把一把地脫落。)

He gave me nothing except for a handful of books.〔除了少量的幾本書他什么也沒給我。〕

注意：一般來說，-ful是一個(gè)形容詞后綴，加在名詞后面可以構(gòu)成形容詞，比如：careful，helpful，useful，hopeful等等。而在handful這個(gè)單詞中，-ful是一個(gè)名詞后綴，加在某些名詞的后面，表示“充滿…所需的量”，比如：roomful，basketful，mouthful，spoonful等等。

12.formation n.巖層;形成，構(gòu)成

Most diamonds are mined from rock formations inside the earth.

〔大多數(shù)鉆石都是從地下的巖層里開采出來的。〕

The formation of good habits is very important for a child.〔好習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成對(duì)孩子來說很重要?！?br />
13.pipe n.管子，導(dǎo)管;煙斗v.用管道輸送

14.somewhat adv.稍微，有點(diǎn)

It is somewhat difficult for him to answer the question.(要他回答這個(gè)問題有點(diǎn)難。)

15.blast n.疾風(fēng)，強(qiáng)風(fēng);爆炸v.炸，炸掉

A blast of cold air sent a shiver all over his body.〔一股冷氣使他渾身戰(zhàn)栗?！?br />
They decided to blast through the mountains.〔他們打算炸山開路?！?br />
16.crush v.壓碎;鎮(zhèn)壓，壓倒

The machine can crush rocks into powder.〔那臺(tái)機(jī)器能把石頭碾成粉末?！?br />
Can you imagine that debts are crushing them?〔你能想像到債務(wù)正壓得他們喘不過氣來嗎?〕

17.destroy v.破壞，毀滅;消滅

18.impressive adj.給人深刻印象的，感人的

impression n.印象

impress v.給…極深的印象

I had the impression that he was a teacher.〔我記得他好像是個(gè)老師?！?br />
What impressed me most were the great changes in this city.〔給我印象最深的是這座城市的巨大變化?！?br />
19.experience n經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷v.經(jīng)歷，遭受

experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的

20.immediately adv.即刻地;緊密地

immediate adj.立刻的;最接近的

He said he had to go to the hospital immediately.〔他說他得立即去醫(yī)院。〕

The post office is immediately next to the bank.〔郵局緊挨著銀行?！?br />
You have to give them an immediate reply.〔你得立刻答復(fù)他們。〕

It is necessary that you get the support from your immediate superior.〔你必須得到頂頭上司的支持。〕

本課主要構(gòu)詞法

affixation(詞綴法)

1.形容詞后綴-ful beautiful，useful，

2.形容詞后綴-ive impressive

3.形容詞后綴-y greasy

4.名詞后綴-ation combination，formation

5.名詞后綴-ure pressure

6.名詞后綴-y discovery

7.名詞后綴-er traveler，miner

8.名詞后綴-ful handful

9.副詞后綴-ly finally，probably，immediately，carefully，

10.副詞后綴-ward upward

課文簡介

本課主要介紹了鉆石的特性、形成、分布以及開采方式。讀了本課，你會(huì)了解鉆石的形成與數(shù)百萬年前的地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān);你也會(huì)了解深受上至達(dá)官貴人下至普通百姓喜愛的“恒久遠(yuǎn)”的鉆石在剛開采出來時(shí)并不光彩照人。

本課語言點(diǎn)

1.They are the hardest substance found in nature.

本句中found in nature是定語從句，修飾substance.定語從句中省略了that are.這種省略現(xiàn)象在定語從句中很常見，在前幾個(gè)單元中，我們遇到過多次。請看下面的句子：

1)There are many books(that)I'd like to read.(有很多書我想看。)

2)He is a man(that)we all like and trust.(他是一個(gè)我們大家喜歡和信賴的人。)

3)This is the most interesting film(that)I have ever seen.(這是我看過的最有意思的電影)

先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，定語從句必須用that引導(dǎo)，而不用which.

本句中的hardest意思為“堅(jiān)硬的”“堅(jiān)固的”，而不是“困難的”。

mean是一個(gè)很常見的詞，本句中的意思是“意味著”。mean還有“意欲，企圖，打算”的意思。請看下面的句子，注意mean在各句中的意思和用法：

1)What do you mean by saying this to me?(你對(duì)我說這個(gè)是什么意思?)

2)Friendship means everything to him.(友誼對(duì)他來說意味著一切。)

3)The teacher's praise meant so much to the children.(老師的表揚(yáng)對(duì)孩子們來說很重要。)

4)I'm serious about this.I mean what I say.(我對(duì)此事是認(rèn)真的，我說話算數(shù)。)

5)I'm sorry，I didn't mean to hurt you.(對(duì)不起，我無意傷害你。)

6)They meant to finish the work ahead of time.(他們的打算是提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。)

7)I meant to call you but I forgot.(我原打算給你打電話的，但我忘記了。)

cut在